APPROACHES TO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING

➥I MA ENGLISH

UNIT I

The Grammar – Translation method

The Direct method

The Audio-Lingual method.

Oral situational Approach

UNIT II

The Communicative Approach

Task based Language Teaching: L S R W Skills, Grammar and Vocabulary

UNIT III

Content and Language Integrated Learning

UNIT IV

Testing and Evaluation

Norm vs Criterion-Referenced Testing

UNIT V

Lesson Planning

Teaching Practice: Lesson Plans

Comments

Hawk Roosting by Ted Hughes Summary and Analysis

➥About the Author Ted Hughes was born on 17 August 1930 in the Yorkshire town of Mytholmroyd. He was a poet, translator, and children’s author. Hughes served in the Royal Air Force before going on to study anthropology and archaeology at Cambridge. At Cambridge, Ted Hughes developed an interest in mythology, which later went on to influence his work. In 1956, Hughes married Sylvia Plath, the American author and poet. In 1957, Ted Hughes won the First Book Contest. The competition was run by the Poetry Center and judged by esteemed poets such as W.H. Auden and Marianne Moore. The Hawk and the Rain (1957) won Hughes international acclaim and commercial success. Ted Hughes’ success continued throughout his long career, in his poetry collections, such as Lupercal (1960) and Birthday Letters (1998), children’s literature The Iron Man (1968), and anthologies such as The Rattle Bag (1982). Ted Hughes was also the executor of Sylvia Plath’s literary estate, editing much of h...

DIGGING BY SEAMUS HEANEY SUMMARY AND ANALYSIS

➥ DIGGING – HEANEY About the Author Seamus Heaney was born to a Catholic family on April 13, 1939, the eldest of nine children, on his family’s ancestral farm in County Derry, Northern Ireland. His poetry was greatly influenced by the landscape and traditions of this region, as well as by the religious strife developing between Catholics and Protestants in nearby Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland. The landscape of rural County Derry is the setting and inspiration for much of his poetry. At age 12 Heaney received a scholarship to study at St. Columb’s College in Derry, where he learned Latin and Irish. He went on to study Anglo-Saxon at Queen’s University in Belfast. He earned a degree in English language and literature from Queen’s in 1961. He then attended St. Joseph’s Training College, also in Belfast. During this time he became inspired to write poetry, greatly influenced by the work of two contemporaries, English poet Ted Hughes (1930–98) and Irish poet Patrick Kavanagh (190...

ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHE LINES (150-476) BY JOHN DRYDEN Summary and Analysis

➥“ABSALOM AND ACHITOPHEL” LINES (150-476) – DRYDEN About the Author John Dryden, (born Aug. 9, 1631, Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Eng.—died May 1, 1700, London), British poet, dramatist, and literary critic. The son of a country gentleman, Dryden was educated at the University of Cambridge. His poetry celebrating the Restoration so pleased Charles II that he was named poet laureate (1668) and, two years later, royal historiographer. Even after losing the laureateship and his court patronage in 1688 with the accession of William III, he succeeded in dominating the literary scene with his numerous works, many attuned to politics and public life. Several of his nearly 30 comedies, tragedies, and dramatic operas—including Marriage A-la-Mode (1672), Aureng-Zebe (1675), and All for Love (1677)—were outstandingly successful. His Of Dramatick Poesie (1668) was the first substantial piece of modern dramatic criticism. Turning away from drama, he became England’s greatest verse satirist, pr...

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